Gettysburg Battlefield camps after the American Civil War

Contents

Gettysburg Battlefield camps after the American Civil War were used by the Pennsylvania National Guard, Civil War veterans, the United States Marine Corps, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the United States Army, and the Youth Conservation Corps.

Chronology
Date Event
1865-07-04 The 50th Pennsylvania Infantry encamped on Culp's Hill for the Soldiers' National Monument cornerstone ceremony (Capt. Hull's camp on Stevens Knoll was the location of the commissary.)[1]
1869 Attorney David McConaughy organized the first veteran's reunion at Gettysburg.[2]:105
1878 The first Grand Army of the Republic (G. A. R.) encampment at the battlefield included "hayrides, sack races, band concerts, balloon ascensions, picnics, and dances as well as less-reserved activities."[2]:104
1882 The G. A. R. encampment was on E Cemetery Hill after the officers' reunion hosted by John B. Bachelder for surveying the grounds of the Peach Orchard-to-Round Top military engagements.[3][4]
1883 Camp Geary was the G. A. R. encampment.[2]
1884-08-02 Camp Gettysburg[3] was the Pennsylvania National Guard encampment that extending from Seminary Ridge. The new Round Top Branch was used to outfit the camp[5] (e.g., lumber for tent floors was shipped from New Oxford on July 22.)[6] The new reservoir at Marsh Creek supplied the camp's water,[4] and military drills included rifle matches at 200, 300, and 500 yards.[5]
1886 Camp Hancock was the site of the G. A. R. reunion [5] on East Cemetery Hill (the Third US Artillery camped at The Wheatfield).[6]
1887 The G. A. R. encampment on East Cemetery Hill was lit by "a 25-light dynamo … in the Battle Mill."[7]
1888-07 For the 25th battle anniversary "Grand Reunion of the Blue and the Gray", Pennsylvania Civil War veterans encamped on East Cemetery Hill,[7][8] and the NJ National Guard was in The Wheatfield.[8]
1889-09-07 Camp Samuel Harper[9] was the "encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic and the Veteran Association" from East Cemetery Hill to Slocum Av.
1893-07-15 The G. A. R. encampment of 700-1000 tents was planned on East Cemetery Hill after the New York memorial dedication on July 2.[9]
1894-08-11

Camp Crawford

Camp Samuel W. Crawford[10] was the 28th Infantry (Keystone) "Division Encampment at Gettysburg"[11] held through August 18.[10][12]
1896-05-15 Federal law (29 Stat. 120) approved use of national parks for military camps[13]:86 after the Gettysburg National Military Park had been designated in 1895.
1898-09-28 Camp Snyder on the west of Seminary Ridge and south of the Fairfield Road was the 2nd WV Regiment encampment for the dedication of 4 West Virginia monuments.[14] The WV baseball team defeated the Pennsylvania College team 9-8,[14] before continuing to New Oxford for a bivouac at Camp Pfeiffer[11] and to York.[12]
1900 Round Top Park was used for the Tacony Rifle's encampment.[G 1]
1901-07-01 Through July 31, the US cavalry and artillery camp commanded by General Witherspoon was on 320 acres (1.3 km2) east of Rock Creek[13] and south of the York/Hunterstown Rd intersection.[G 2]
1902-07-02 Camp Lawton headquarters were at the The Angle with the National Guard commissary building along the Round Top Branch, the telegraph and telephone office was at the "junction of the steam and electric roads near the Codori buildings", the Governor's Troop was between the Hagerstown road and Chambersburg pike, and U.S. Army troops camped near the Reynolds equestrian statue.[15]
1904-07-21

Camp Quay

Camp Quay setup began along the Emmitsburg Rd, with a PA National Guard unit beginning at the Sherfy farm, with the Third Brigade from the trolley wye into Tawney Field on Washington St (edge of town), and with the cavalry & artillery along the Chambersburg pike (drill grounds east of Reynolds Av).[16] The summer camp ended on July 30,[13] and the camp's water was pumped from the Gettysburg Water Works.[17]
1906-07-16 Camp Henderson of the PA National Guard [14] used 95 acres (0.38 km2) in McMillan Woods and the Trostle, Klingel, Sherfy, McPherson, and Codori farms [15] for the encampment through July 16.[16] Maneuvers were conducted from Zeigler's Grove to Devil's Den.[17] (Camp Roosevelt followed at Mount Gretna.)[18]
1908-07-23 Camp Alexander Hays, Jr, including Pennsylvania Governor Stuart's tent, was struck by lightning, and the camp was flooded by the storm[18] (3 killed, 40 injured of the 10,000 soldiers from July 16–25).[19][20][21]
1909-05-30 The camp for the dedication of the US Regulars monument opened at The Angle[22] for a squadron of the Fifteenth cavalry, battalion of the Third field artillery, Fifth infantry regiment, 13 companies and band of Coast artillery.http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1HwyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Oq8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1327,4546111&dq=1909+regulars+gettysburg&hl=en]
1910-06-28 Troops arrived for the Camp of Instruction[23] (United States maneuver camp), which had in addition to students, 10,832 regulars and militiamen.[24]
1910-08-17 Camp John P. S. Gobin of the PA National Guard used a maneuver area south of Big Round Top extending to Harper's Hill.[25][19]
1911-08-10 Engineers prepared the site for the August 11–22 encampment.[13]:108
1912

Camp Stuart

Camp Edwin S. Stuart of 7000 [26] was the PA National Guard encampment just south of the Peach Orchard,[27][28] and Pennsylvania's only licensed pilot demonstrated a Curtiss Biplane.[29][30] The airfield was near W Confederate Av [31] and a "fully-equipped field hospital" was 1st used during this encampment.[20]:25
1913-02-01 Water wells were being drilled on the Gettysburg Battlefield for the July 1913 Gettysburg reunion.[21]
1913-06-22 Camp General O. O. Howard for the 9th annual convention of Sons of Veterans Reserves opened on the northeast edge of Gettysburg.[22]
1913-06-25 The annual encampment for the PA Grand Army of the Republic opened and lasted until June 28 (on June 29, 21,000 veterans—instead of the 6,000 expected on the 1st day—arrived at the 1913 reunion.)[23]:52
1913-07-02 Six attendees at the 1913 Gettysburg reunion had died since June 29.[24]
1913-07-07 Following a May 10 Army address to college/university presidents,[25] the War Department's Camp of Instruction began at the Newspaper Row ("Meadeboro") facility of the reunion.[G 3][26] Captain Robert O. Van Horn had organized the camp that continued through August 15.[27]:3 In addition to 250 college students, military units included 1 artillery battery, 1 cavalry troop, 1 engineer company, and 4 infantry companies.[32]
1915 The United States arsenal was located along the Taneytown Rd [33] (by October 1914, the PA National Guard arsenal/commissary along the Round Top Branch had been razed.)[28]
1917-05-22

Camp, US Troops

The War Department notified the Gettysburg National Military Park Commission a camp for "recruiting stations" would be established. "Camp, United States Troops, Gettysburg, PA" was 99 acres (0.40 km2) on 3 farms and a "three-cornered field" west of the Emmitsburg Rd at its intersection with the Round Top Branch (1st used were the Codori farm and "a tract along the Round Top branch of the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railroad").[29]
1917-06-02 The Fourth United States Regulars arrived[29] at the "Gettysburg Camp"[34] which included a post office.[30]
1917-11-26 A small detachment was the remaining unit at the recruit training camp, which had closed by December 16.[29] (Sgt Brannigan who arrived with the "Fourth Infantry" in 1917 remained until 1919).[G 4]
1918-03-06

Camp Colt

A United States Tank Corps center was established[29] at the "Camp, U.S. Troops, Gettysburg, PA"[29] for "preliminary training to fit [tank soldiers] as rapidly as possible to go overseas for … courses at the American training centers in England and France."[31]
1918-03-24 Camp Colt command was transferred from Capt Garner[G 5] to Captain Dwight D. Eisenhower.[32]
1918-04-06 Six WWI convoys totalling 200 trucks and 42 cars travelled through Gettysburg from evening until noon to an "Atlantic port".[35]
1918-07-01 The only "camp for Tank Corps troops",[31] Camp Colt consisted of "176 acres of the Codori farm, 10 acres of the Smith farm, and 6 acres of the Bryan House place"[29] and included an Officer's Training School.[33]
1918-09-30 A Camp Colt quarantine had been implemented for the 1918 flu pandemic.[36] In September, the camp had reached a peak of 10,600 officers and men.[34]
1918-10 The 310th Tank Center was established at Camp Colt, as were the 338th, 339th, & 346th Tank Battalions.[35]
1918-12-01 Camp Colt's 200 acres (0.81 km2) on the Codori, Trostle, Smith, and Brian farms[29] had less than 6000 soldiers following post-Armistice Day transfers.
1919-05-17 A Liberty Loan Drive volunteer was given a flight from the Camp Colt landing field [37] in a "Curtiss Acrobatic Aeroplane" by an Air Service pilot who had downed a German bomber over Reims Cathedral.[G 6]
1919-06-30 Camp Colt had a very small guard under the Quartermaster Corps[29] and closed August 15.[30] In August 1932, the 1st Camp Colt reunion was held at Gettysburg.[38]
1919-07-06 The Publicity Officer and Pilot of the 1919 Motor Transport Corps convoy arrived at Gettysburg and notified the town that the convoy would arrive the next morning, camp at Gettysburg [39] (the "plot northwest of the Philadelphia and Reading Station" was a candidate site)[40][41] and demonstrate the searchlight at night on Nixon Field.[42] The convoy was delayed by covered bridges at Emmitsburg and Middle Creek[43] and instead continued from a PA welcome ceremony at Greenmount to camp at Chambersburg.[44]
1919-08-16

1919 convoy

The 1919 Air Service Transcontinental Recruiting Convoy of the All American Pathfinders squadron encamped at the former corral of Camp Colt (the drill ground was used as the landing field).
1919-09-27 A truck convoy from Camp Holabird parked along the Emmitsburg Road during the overnight stay.[45]
1920 The Camp Wildwood boys club from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area encamped at Pennsylvania college and selected a battlefield location for a memorial tree to General Frederick Hartranft.[46]
1922 Camp Harding of 5000 troops on Seminary Ridge[47] was the East Coast Marine Expeditionary Force encampment which reenacted Pickett's Charge (the "Tower at Zeigler's Grove" was reserved for the President).[36]
1928-05-26 Battery F, Sixth Field Artillery and Troop E, Third Cavalry,[G 7] arrived to encamp at Culp's Hill in preparation for escorting President Calvin Coolidge during the Gettysburg Memorial Day parade.[48]
1928-07-31 An Experimental Motorized Force camps were held by troops from Camp Leonard Wood at The Wheatfield (also Pardee Field on October 11).[29][49]
1928-10-10 25 tanks and military men of Fort Leonard Wood's 4th tank corps encamped at Pardee Field.[50] (on November 18, a record 30 mph tank of the fort travelled to and from the battlefield).[51]
1928-10-13 300 soldiers of the 12th Infantry from Camp Washington, Maryland, encamped at The Wheatfield.[52]
1929 The Wheatfield encampments included 40 Reserve Officers from Camp Holabird (July 16) and the 1st Tank Regiment from Fort Meade (October 28), and Boy Scouts camped at Pardee Field on various dates.[53]
1933-06-10

CCC camps

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) established[G 8] a camp in Pitzer Woods[G 9] (45 tents by July 3),[G 10] and the facility was named "Camp Renaissance" by October.[37]
1934-02-03 CCC camp NP-2 had opened [54] in McMillan Woods[38] (Charles Heilman was the 1936 commander).[55][56]
1934-03-02 CCC workers detonated a cannon ball from the 1863 battle.[57] During the year, the CCC sawed 55,000 feet of battlefield lumber.[58][59]
1935-07-19 The "local C. C. C. nine" was defeated by "Doc" Crist's Gettysburg Old Timers on the playground.[60]
1937-04 Camp Renaissance (CCC camp NP-1/Company #385-C) in Pitzer Woods closed[39] (Frank J. Slonaker, former president of the battlefield guide association,[61] had been the camp's service officer).[62]
1938-07-03 The 1938 Gettysburg reunion veterans camp was near Oak Ridge and the Third Corps camp was near The Angle.[40]
1940 NY National Guardsmen numbering 1000 encamped at the CCC camp, Gettysburg High School, borough engine house, tourist cabins, and other locations.[41]
1941-05-22 A Fort Indiantown Gap unit encamped at Pitzer Woods and conducted aerial reconnaissance training[G 11] (communications links were established between the camp, Big Round Top, and Powers Hill.)[63]
1941-06-27 The 75th PA G.A.R. encampment ended at Gettysburg.[64]
1941-07-05 The 71st Coast Artillery Regiment (Anti-Aircraft), successor of the 71st Pennsylvania Infantry, camped for 4 nights with about 850 puptents (and black retriever mascot "Sergeant Bosco") at CCC Camp No. 1 for maneuvers on the battlefield and for Longstreet Day,[65] and the searchlight was used from Barlow Knoll.[66]
1941-07-28 The 68th Coast Artillery (AA) had breakfast and held ceremonies at Pitzer Woods.[67]
1941-10-14 Troops from Camp Bevins, Massachusetts, bivouacked south of the Emmitsburg Rd entrance station enroute to Fort Bragg.[68]
1941-12 The 44th Infantry Division (15,000 troops & 2,500 vehicles) bivouacked on the battlefield enroute to Fort Dix[42] (also in 1941, Vermont infantry used the former CCC camp).[69]
1942-03 The McMillan Woods CCC camp was to be abandoned [70] after becoming the 1st under an "all colored staff" in 1939.[71]
1942

WWII Aero school

The Gettysburg School of Aeronautics[72] used the Boulevard Airport on the Mummasburg Rd and leased the Lee-Meade Inn with 18 cottages for the camp of the Civilian Pilot Training program [73] (Harry C. Funk was the training coordinator).[74]. In 1945, the War Mapping project at the Lee-Meade Inn analyzed captured Japanese maps and created maps for the planned invasion.[75]
1943-11-09

Camp Sharpe opened in Pitzer Woods at the former Civilian Conservation Corps camp NP-1 on the Gettysburg Battlefield to conduct psychological operations training.[G 12]
1944-08-01 Camp Sharpe closed after the 2nd, 3rd, 4th,and 5th Mobile Radio Broadcasting Companies[G 13] had shipped out for the June Normandy Campaign.[43]
1944-09-16

WWII POW Camp

The Prisoners of War stockade along the Emmitsburg Rd at the former Camp Colt site had 350 prisoners[43] (an additional 100 prisoners were at the 1938 Gettysburg Armory on Seminary Ridge).[G 14]
1945-06-29 The WWII Prisoner of War Camp was established in McMillan Woods (former CCC camp NP-2) to replace the stockade.[G 14]
1946-04-13 Only guards remained at the Gettysburg POW Camp.[G 15]
1946-07-16 A labor camp of Bahamians began at the former Camp Sharpe facility of Pitzer Woods.[76]
1949-09-20 The 95th Chemical Service company (172 men at Pitzer Woods) and the 59th Chemical Maintenance company (70 at Pardee Field) from Edgewood Arsenal encamped through October 8.[77]
1974

Camp Eisenhower

Camp Eisenhower participants of the Youth Conservation Corps removed a house foundation at Little Round Top.[G 16]
1976-06-26 The Bicentennial Wagon Train stopped overnight at the camping area of the Barlow Knoll farm, which had been cleaned by the Camp Eisenhower YCC participants.[G 17]
2010[44] The 1938 Gettysburg Armory that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 was vacated by Battery B, 1/108th Field Artillery.[45]

References

  1. ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=ufawhIVUg0MC&pg=PA271#v=onepage&q&f=false
  2. ^ a b Weeks, Jim (2003) (Google Books). Gettysburg: Memory, Market, and an American Shrine. http://books.google.com/books?id=bcjCWVJWMpYC&pg=PA104. Retrieved 2011-03-14. 
  3. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hHcmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GgAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1643%2C4648967
  4. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=9qGwjJavaBUC&dat=18820614&printsec=frontpage&hl=en
  5. ^ a b "Camp Gettysburg" (Google News Archives). Gettysburg Compiler. July 29, 1884. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CFQmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JgAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=2882,1199890&dq=round-top+railroad&hl=en. Retrieved 2010-01-24. 
  6. ^ "Excursions & At the Camp". July 22, 1884. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=B1QmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JgAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1460,1160966&dq=round-top-park&hl=en. "...from Seminary Ridge to the avenue in the rear and east of the First Brigade Headquarters, and from a line on the extreme south side of the First Brigade to a line on the extreme north side of the Third Brigade." 
  7. ^ "The Battlefield … The Pickett Reunion" & "Electric Lights" (Google News Archives). Gettysburg Compiler. July 5, 1887. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sVQmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JgAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=2304,7905196&dq=burgess-tipton+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-17. "extreme left [sic] of the union line … the 13th New Jersey … regiment … came in on Wolf Hill on the evening of July 1, 1863, and became engaged for a short time with the enemy" 
  8. ^ "The Grand Army Encampment" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Compiler. June 29, 1886. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a1QmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JgAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=3009,5200551&dq=round-top-park&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-17. 
  9. ^ "The Electric Line on the Battlefield & The Electric Light Charter" (Google News Archive). The Star and Sentinel. June 20, 1893. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=p3EmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ff8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=4380,1718202&dq=round-top+dance+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-02. 
  10. ^ "The News of a Day's Doings: Domestic" (Google News Archive). Baltimore American. August 13, 1894. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=u8pdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rl4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2803,4046769&dq=division-encampment+gettysburg+1894&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 
  11. ^ "Signal Corps for Soldiers" (Google News Archives). Gettysburg Compiler. July 31, 1894. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=oP0yAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jAAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=2278,4956623&dq=round-top-branch&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 
  12. ^ "National Guard Orders" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Compiler. July 17, 1894. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nv0yAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jAAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=4350,4878006&dq=camp+national-guard+1894+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-17. 
  13. ^ a b c Unrau, Harlan D (2005) (2005 NPS transcript). administrative history, Gettysburg National Military Park (Report). Denver, Colorado: National Park Service. OCLC 24228617. http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/gett/adhi.pdf. Retrieved 2011-01-27.  ( The original 1991 version is available at Google Books.)
  14. ^ a b "West Virginia Monuments" & "The W. Va. Boys". Gettysburg Compiler. October 4, 1898. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8-IyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1QAGAAAAIBAJ&pg=3076,5338357&dq=west-virginia+monuments+gettysburg+1898&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-17. "this regiment held the Cow Gap at the left of Round-Top against vastly superior forces, repeatedly repelling assaults, and finally, was a part of Farnsworth's Column which penetrated the enemy's lines near the Devil's Den... It is stated from Washington that the war department has decided to abandon Camp Meade at once." 
  15. ^ "Camp Lawton" (Google News Archives). The Star and Sentinel: p. 3. col. 4. July 2, 1927. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=OTBXYDkIvNoC&dat=19020702&printsec=frontpage. Retrieved 2011-02-06. "The five switches for use during the National Guard encampment by the Reading road are about completed." [p 3 col 5]
  16. ^ "Took Work to make Camp Quay" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Compiler. July 27, 1904. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=q0lAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dP8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6648,309161&dq=gettysburg+wheatfield-road&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-02. 
  17. ^ "Saved Soldiers' Water Supply, Fire in Gettysburg Pumping Station Would Have Ruined Camp Quay" (Google News Archive). July 19, 1904. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rmlYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wDkNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5185,6316318&dq=camp-quay&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-23. 
  18. ^ "Lightning Kills Six Militiamen". The New York Times. July 24, 1908. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?. Retrieved 2011-01-23.  (cf. the 1880 Camp Alexander Hays @ Thompson, Pennsylvania)
  19. ^ "National Guard In Camp" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Compiler. August 17, 1910. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=9qGwjJavaBUC&dat=19100817&printsec=frontpage. Retrieved 2011-03-17. 
  20. ^ (Google Books) 28th Infantry (Keystone) Division: Mechanized. Turner Publishing. pp. 18, 25. http://books.google.com/books?id=4N1yoAxNOcsC&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 
  21. ^ "Railroad Blocks Trolley Plans" (Google News Archives). Adams County News. February 1, 1913. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5DdUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YjoNAAAAIBAJ&pg=7010,1049478&dq=trolley+round-top&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 
  22. ^ "Camp Howard Opened Sunday" (Google News Archive). Adams County News (Times and News Publishing Company): p. 1. June 28, 1913. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9jdUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YjoNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6267,1899177&dq=president-wilson+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-02-01. 
  23. ^ Beitler, Lewis Eugene (editor and compiler) (December 31, 1913) (Google Books). Report of the Pennsylvania Commission (Report). Harrisburg, PA: Wm. Stanley Bay (state printer). http://books.google.com/books?id=swkTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA168. Retrieved 2011-02-06. 
  24. ^ "Heat Conquers War Veterans". St. Joseph News-Press. July 2, 1913. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xGVUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BDsNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1124,3686199&dq=camp-gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 
  25. ^ (Google Books) F.A.C.O.T.S.: The Story of the Field Artillery Central Officers Training. Field Artillery Central Officers Training School Association. p. 21. http://books.google.com/books?id=AQ1FVPh3b9QC&pg=PA21#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 
  26. ^ (Google Books) Infantry Journal. 10. http://books.google.com/books?id=zTwcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA779#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 
  27. ^ "Many Students Will Be Here" (Google News Archive). Adams County News. June 7, 1913. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_b9cAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rVgNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1011,6646691&dq=newspaper-row+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-02-07. 
  28. ^ "Sending Away All Guard Equipment" (Google News Archives). Adams County News. October 24, 1914. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=GsBcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rVgNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1547,3526460&dq=round-top-branch&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i Gettysburg National Military Park Commission. The Gettysburg Commission Reports. Gettysburg, PA: War Department. http://www.gdg.org/Research/Authored%20Items/BCRReports/{{{version}}}.html. 
  30. ^ a b Swanson, Robert. Domestic United States Military Facilities of the First World War 1917-1919. http://books.google.com/books?id=sSopqvCeAXQC&pg=PA201. Retrieved 2011-01-17. 
  31. ^ a b Rockenbach, Samuel D (October 13, 1919). "Report of the Director of the Tank Corps for the year ending June 30, 1919". Congressional serial set, Issue 7688. http://books.google.com/books?id=xq4qAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA251&lpg=PA251&dq=tobyhanna+%22tank+corps%22&source=bl&ots=E3Q3GgC5hL&sig=tlu1tMptZ2j5y8ACUanHftr_Xn0&hl=en&ei=u2A0TcXXGsaAlAfEiJ3ECg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDMQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=tobyhanna%20%22tank%20corps%22&f=false. Retrieved 2011-01-17. 
  32. ^ D'Este, Carlo (2002). Eisenhower: A Soldier's Life. pp. 127–138. http://books.google.com/books?id=RCeteK7LEiYC&pg=PA127. Retrieved 2011-01-11. 
  33. ^ "Organization of the Army Tank Corps", The Official U.S. Bulletin, March 28, 1919, http://books.google.com/books?id=rkbmAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA66#v=onepage&q&f=false, retrieved 2011-01-17 
  34. ^ Venzon, Anne Cipriano (1995) (Google Books). The United States in the First World War: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. pp. 105, 115, 727. ISBN 0824070550. http://books.google.com/?id=5UFp5uYXA7gC&pg=RA2-PA727. Retrieved 2011-01-13. 
  35. ^ Rinaldi, Richard A. The US Army in World War I - Orders of Battle (Report). http://books.google.com/books?id=vsoh_fBkAtwC&pg=PA169#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2011-01-17. 
  36. ^ "Traffic Rules on Battlefield" (Google News Archive). The Star and Sentinel. July 1, 1922. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Zk4mAAAAIBAJ&sjid=H_8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=916,4623905&dq=wheatfield-road+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-26. 
  37. ^ Davis, James E. "Gettysburg C.C.C. Camp Men Get Four Days' Leave" (Google News Archives). Baltimore Afro-American. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JnQ9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=XCsMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3460,7881453&dq=ccc-camp+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-17. 
  38. ^ "Camp Information for NP-2-PA". Pennsylvania CCC Archive. Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/ccc/Camp.aspx?ID=142. Retrieved 2010-02-01. 
  39. ^ Speakman, Joseph M (2006). At work in Penn's Woods: the Civilian Conservation Corps in Pennsylvania. p. 152. http://books.google.com/books?id=-e5bgZYNdNYC&pg=PA152. Retrieved 2010-02-04. 
  40. ^ "Strong Contrast". Reading Eagle. July 1, 1938. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=41ohAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4ocFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1686,103020&dq=16th-field-artillery+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-02-10. "the headquarter's tent of Major General James K. Parsons, of the Third Corps area, pitched within easy pistol shot of that bloody angle where Pickett's men notched the extreme advance of the battle." 
  41. ^ "1,000 Guardsmen Pass Through Gettysburg" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Compiler. October 26, 1940. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Ua1cAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kVgNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5427,6070156&dq=ccc-camp+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-17. 
  42. ^ "Many Soldiers Are Expected" (Google News Archive). New Oxford Item. December 4, 1941. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8sY9AAAAIBAJ&sjid=HzcMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6750,4757266&dq=entrance-station+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-17. 
  43. ^ a b "May Keep 200 Prisoners for Winter Season" (Google News Archive). The Star and Sentinel. September 16, 1944. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=MY0lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vfIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2680,4978302&dq=camp-sharpe. Retrieved 2011-03-17. 
  44. ^ "Gettysburg Armory". Pennsylvania National Guard Military Museum. http://www.pngmilitarymuseum.org/history/pa_armories/gettysburg.html. Retrieved 2011-06-06. 
  45. ^ Barnes III, Roscoe (January 26, 2010). "Gettysburg artillery company getting new home in South Mountain". Chambersburg, Pennsylvania: Public Opinion. http://www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/company-structures-ownership/13806903-1.html. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 
G. "Archives" (Google News Archive). Gettysburg Times (Times and News Publishing Company). http://www.gettysburgtimes.com/archives/. Retrieved 2010-02-20. 
  1. ^ "Out of the Past". July 4, 2000. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TK4zAAAAIBAJ&sjid=F-kFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2543,390120&dq=round-top-park&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-04-26. "The Tacony Rifles ... arrived last Saturday evening and went into camp on the eastern side of Little Round Top, in what was formerly Round Top Park. There are 73 in the party, including the drum corps which has ten members." 
  2. ^ Weaver, William G (November 13, 1967). "Reminisces Of Gettysburg". http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uFFAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=o_8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=867,5019829&dq=zeigler+grove+tower+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-02-13.  }}
  3. ^ "Will Camp Here July 7 to Aug. 29". April 22, 1913. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0qRcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZlgNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6559,609256&dq=camp-gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 
  4. ^ "Army Post Here Thing of Past". August 6, 1919. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a9slAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZvwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6391,4749830&dq=camp-colt+fourth&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-14.  The facility included buildings, water system, and drill & parade grounds.[1]
  5. ^ "Old Camp Colt Adjutant, Now US Alaskan Official, Recalls Birth of Armor". August 27, 1954. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ECkmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=E_4FAAAAIBAJ&pg=890,1442534&dq=camp-colt+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-23. 
  6. ^ "Aeroplane at Gettysburg". May 8, 1919. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Co89AAAAIBAJ&sjid=wDUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6555,1009451&dq=camp-colt+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-22. 
  7. ^ "Cavalry and Artillery in Camp on Field". May 26, 1928. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Up0lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gfYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1929,1069039&dq=sixth-field-artillery+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-17. 
  8. ^ "Local Forest Camp No. One Called "Best"". February 9, 1934. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0iQmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=If0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=6501,1469772&dq=francis-moran+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-17. 
  9. ^ "Change Site of New Camp". September 16, 1933. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jYolAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s_IFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4136,1132693&dq=pitzer's-woods. Retrieved 2010-02-01. 
  10. ^ "Twister Causes Much Damage as It Sweeps Through Here Sunday". July 3, 1933. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8x8mAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Kv0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=5999,59805&dq=gettysburg+trostle-farm&hl=en. Retrieved 2010-03-09. 
  11. ^ "Indiantown Units Invade Gettysburg". May 22, 1941. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=L4MlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lfUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2640,81719&dq=indiantown-units-invade-gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2010-05-26. 
  12. ^ "Says Camp is to be Closed". July 14, 1944. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OdYlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=g_wFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4229,1746747&dq=camp-sharpe. Retrieved 2010-01-31. 
  13. ^ "Staying at some camps wasn't fun and games". Good Ol' Days. January 12, 2007. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_oUlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=j_QFAAAAIBAJ&pg=7046,1121251&dq=prisoner-of-war+1945+gettysburg&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-18. 
  14. ^ a b "Out of the Past: 50 Years Ago". June 29, 1995. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cxAmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sP0FAAAAIBAJ&pg=2085,3181343&dq=camp-sharpe. Retrieved 2010-02-01. 
  15. ^ "Says PW Labor here Big Help in Processing Food for War". http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eFJUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QzoNAAAAIBAJ&pg=6638,4746804&dq=camp-sharpe+prisoner-of-war+1945&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-01-21. 
  16. ^ "Joe Sherfy … In History". June 27, 1974. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YIUlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qPIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1615,281589&dq=camp-eisenhower+gettysburg+youth-conservation&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-03-17. 
  17. ^ "Youth Corps Begins Work This Week On Battlefield". June 24, 1976. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_3YlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zPIFAAAAIBAJ&dq=big-round-top%20peace-light&pg=3035%2C575874. Retrieved 2011-06-21. "'"